Flood Policy on the Chehalis River in Lewis County, Washington: Who Makes the Decisions?

Appendix II Selective Chronology of Chehalis Basin

Year Event
Time Immemorial Salish-speaking people live throughout the Chehalis watershed. The rivers provide a major source of food. The rivers also served as a highway for traveling through the country in shallow canoes. Two principal tribes existed - the Lower Chehalis and the Upper Chehalis. The name "Chehalis" (meaning "sand") originally referred to a village near the present-day Westport and later came to be applied to the river and the people living upriver.
1000 B.C. Athabaskans arrive in the Boistfort Valley
1792 Captain Robert Gray names Grays Harbor (May 7)
1792 Captain Gray and Indians clash on harbor (May 8)
1804 Lewis & Clark expedition
1824 John Work, employee of the Hudson's Bay Company, travels up the Chehalis River and describes the Chehalis River people - mentions several villages along the Chehalis River and additional settlements up the Black River. Unlike their downriver neighbors, the Upper Chehalis have horses.
1841 Captain Wilkes estimates the population of the Upper Chehalis to be 700
1845 Joseph Borst settles on the Chehalis River
1850's Early settlers begin grazing cattle on the Hoquiam tideflats; cattle are shipped by scow up the Chehalis River, then herded to Olympia
1851 Settlers begin farming the Boistfort Valley
1851 Anson Dart, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, tries to negotiate a treaty with the Chehalis Tribe - treaty would move coastal people to the east of the Cascades; Dart obtains "signatures" but none of the promised payments arrive
1852 George Washington, son of a slave, founds Centralia
1853 Washington Territory created
1854 George Gibbs makes a census of Western Washington tribes - estimates the Upper Chehalis numbers 216
1854 Chehalis County created (now Grays Harbor County)
1855 Fort Henness built near Grand Mound
1855-56 Indian uprising spreads across the mountains - Chehalis Indians do not take an active part
1855 Governor Isaac Stevens negotiate treaties with coastal tribes in Cosmopolis - Chehalis Tribes refuse to accept treaty terms (a reservation somewhere between Cape Flattery and Grays Harbor)
1858 Government attempts to enforce laws against cutting timber on public lands
1859 Steamboats travel to Montesano
1860 Construction of Fort Chehalis at Westport
1861 First commercial oyster beds in Grays Harbor
1864 Chehalis Reservation (4,200 acres) created by executive order
1879 Industrial Boarding School established on Chehalis Reservation
1882 Captain Asa Simpson buys 300 acres of timber at the mouth of the Hoquiam River and builds the North Western Mill
1882 Pope & Talbot buys lumber mill - Cosmopolis becomes a company town (Grays Harbor Commercial Co.)
1883 First newspaper in Grays Harbor County
1884 A.J. West lays foundation timbers for Aberdeen's first sawmill
1884 Aksel Seaborg builds salmon cannery in Aberdeen - Finnish settlement spreads to Grays Harbor
1884 Splash dams begin operation in Grays Harbor
1885 First train arrives in Montesano
1886 Montesano becomes seat of Chehalis County
1890 Aberdeen incorporated (May 12)
1890 Hoquiam incorporated (May 24)
1891 Cosmopolis incorporated
1892 Northern Pacific Railroad builds a line from Chehalis to Grays Harbor; company selects Ocosta as the railroad's terminus and plats over 300 lots
1900-30 Appalachian highlanders flow into Lewis County and the Chehalis basin
1903 Aberdeen fire destroys 22 city blocks
1906 Chehalis Tribe petitions federal government for payment for appropriated lands
1908 Aberdeen Daily World
1910 34 lumber and shingle mills line Aberdeen harbor and Chehalis River estuary - population reaches 17,000 (1995 population - 16,700)
1911 Whaling station established at Bay City by American Pacific Whaling Company
1914 Finns settle in the Grayland area and pioneer area's cranberry industry
1911-17 Grays Harbor booms with mills, salmon and clam canneries, and shipbuilding yards; introduction of steam ships and global market changes economics of lumber industry - wages begin to fluctuate resulting in labor unrest
1914 Swedes, Finns, Italians, Greeks, Germans, English, Irish, Scotch, French, Swiss, Chinese, and Japanese take part in Fourth of July parade in Aberdeen clad in "old-fashioned costumes of the country"
1914 Westport incorporated
1915 Chehalis County changed to Grays Harbor County
1916 Grays Harbor jetties completed
1919 Industrial Workers of the World clash with Legionnaires in Centralia
1929 Last lumber mill in Doty closes
1929 Grays Harbor Commercial Company in Cosmopolis closes (Eventually bought by Weyerhaeuser Company)
1930's Depression idles 9 major Grays Harbor mills; owners of operating mills hire Filipino and Hindu workers to replace strikers
1930's 60,000 acres of Capitol Forest purchased by State of Washington for fifty cents per acre
1939 Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis adopt constitution and by-laws
1940's-50's Aberdeen's economy diversifies into plywood plants, furniture mills, paper mills, door factories, pulp mills, and chemical companies
1941 Nation's first tree farm dedicated - 120,000 acre Clemons Tree Farm near Montesano
1950's State orders removal of abandoned splash dams
1951 The Chehalis Tribe petitions the Indian Claims Commission for a claim against the United States for appropriated lands
1959 Developers buy 6,000 acres of uplands, beach, swamps, and ponds at Ocean Shores
1962 Descendants of the Upper and Lower Chehalis meet in Oakville to vote on a proposed settlement of the land claim
1968 Construction begins on 2 Satsop nuclear plants
1970's 15,000 acres in Capitol Forest acquired by state from Weyerhaeuser
1971 Centralia power plant constructed
1972 Columbia-Pacific RC&D formed
1980 Capitol Forest Management Plan - sustainable harvest on a 60-year rotation
1983 Work on Satsop nuclear plants is discontinued
1984 First meeting of the Chehalis Valley Historical Society
1989 Lady Washington - replica of Captain Grays brig - constructed
1992 Chehalis River Council formed
1994 Chehalis River Basin Land Trust formed
1994 Department of Ecology completes TMDL studies for Upper Chehalis and Black River
1995 Department of Ecology conducts watershed assessment for WRIA 23
1996 Chehalis communities suffer major flood damage; Flood Action Council formed
1996 Department of Ecology forms 10-member local action team for Chehalis Basin
1996 Department of Ecology participates in Collaborative Decision Making process for negotiation of air quality requirements for Centralia Power Plant
1996 Aberdeen/Cosmopolis Flood Control Project completed - cost $11 million
1997 EPA approves TMDL for upper Chehalis basin
1997 EPA approves Chehalis Tribes' water quality standards
1997 Department of Ecology conducts watershed assessment for WRIA 22
1998 Chehalis Basin Partnership formed
1998 Legislature enacts watershed planning legislation

This information provided courtesy of Washington Department of Ecology (DOE)
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