Drops
Of
Water
Issue 19 June 1998
The first people to find errors in spelling or word structure receive a free map of the Chehalis watershed. Send us an e-mail note telling us about the error.
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Welcome
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Issue 19 June 1998 |
This newsletter appears monthly in 45,000 households throughout the watershed. Printing is done by The Chronicle, and distribution is by the Chronicle, the Olympia Daily Olympian, the Tenino Independent, the Rochester Sun News and the Aberdeen Daily World. This is an early edition available only to WWW users. Please send us your feedback.
The first people to find errors in spelling or word structure receive a free map of the Chehalis watershed. Send us an e-mail note telling us about the error. |
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Letters to the Editor, contributed articles and contributing partnerships are encouraged.
Comments via email to The Chehalis River Council
The Chehalis Rive Basin Land Trust (CRBLT) has received a conservation easement from the sale of a two-mile portion of abandoned railroad right-of-way along the Chehalis River near Galvin in Lewis County. Scott Horner, local developer, donated the easement on 57 acres between Galvin and Prather Road when he sold the land to Jesse Banick and Dan Van der Kolk. The new landowners will maintain the land as a natural area for the protection of fish and wildlife.
The natural values of this parcel are varied. A cliff just to the west of the railline contains fossil beds valuable to students in Centralia College's Geology Department. Also, within this corridor stands the largest grove of mature cottonwoods remaining along the Chehalis. The whole riparian forest protects fish habitat in the river and at the mouth of Lincoln Creek.
It also sustains high concentrations of songbirds congregating in the Centralia area.
Land trusts are non-profit organizations of citizens dedicated to conserving lands which are sensitive for ecological, historical, cultural or other reasons. Ecologically sensitive lands can include mature forests, wetlands, stream and river corridors, caves and homes for threatened and endangered plants and animals. Protection may be achieved through purchase, conservation easements, life estates or other agreements. Conservation easements are legal agreements which limit land uses to those mot destructive to the natural values being conserved. They are usually perpetual and are recorded with the deed at the county assessor's office.
For CRBLT, established in 1994, this conservation easement represents the first large land responsibility it has undertaken in the Chehalis Basin. It plans to assist the landowners with tree plantings and other activities in areas which need some restoration. Customarily, land trusts establish a management fund for each easement to help them fulfill their commitments.
Donations are being accepted to help maintain this magnificent piece of river corridor.
The Chehalis River Basin Land Trust holds monthly meetings at 7 p.m. on the 3rd Wednesday at the Chehalis River Council office on Route #12 in Oakville. The public is always invited to join the board at these discussions.
Janet Strong CRBLT President
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The quality of Washington's water, air and land provides the basic foundation for a healthy economy, quality-of-life and rich populations of plants, fish and wildlife. Given Washington's projected population growth, that foundation is at risk.
This report gives a snapshot of Washington's environmental health. The Department of Ecology invites you to help in our effort to enhance, restore and protect Washington's beautiful environment.
Throughout this document you will find ways to join with us as partners to:
Pollution of our environment is characterized in two basic ways, point and nonpoint. Point source pollution is directly discharged or emitted from pipes and smokestacks. Nonpoint source pollution comes from many small sources or is indirectly released into the environment. Examples of nonpoint pollution sources are cars, on-site septic systems and pesticides and fertilizers carried by rainwater runoff from farms and agricultural lands, urban development, lawns and golf courses.
Pollution controls placed on point sources have been mostly successful. Pollutant discharges from factory smokestacks and pipes have been reduced to protect air and water quality. Improved hazardous and solid waste management practices have resulted in a reduction of chemicals being released to the water, air and land. Ten years ago this could not have been said.
Despite these successes, we are approaching the 21st century facing a tremendous environmental challenge: the cumulative impact of many small sources of pollution to air and ground and surface waters. Washington's projected population growth will increase pollution from these sources unless action is taken. Together we need to decrease the number of cars on the road, improve land use decisions to protect our water and reduce the tons of waste generated.
Ground and surface waters are at the greatest risk of increased environmental degradation. There is a very strong perception that we live in a state rich in clean, abundant water. This perception is simply not accurate. In many parts of our state:
1 - The demand for surface and ground water to drink, irrigate farms, water lawns and protect fish far exceeds what is available.
2 - The quality of water is degraded by pollutants such as fecal coliform bacteria, nitrates, pesticides and chemicals.
Washington State is in a gridlock over issues surrounding the availability and quality of water.
The location and extent of water availability and quality problems are directly related to the way we use the land. In 1990, when the State Legislature adopted the Growth Management Act, it found that uncoordinated and unplanned growth posed a threat to the environment, sustainable economic development and the health, safety and high quality of life enjoyed by the residents of the state.
Since that time, 150 communities have adopted growth management plans. That foundation must now be broadened to include the context in which these communities exist — the watershed.
A watershed is defined as all of the land and ground water which drains into a river or body of water. Within the watershed a variety of different elements (such as people, plants, animals, air, water and land) function as a whole; each affects, and is affected by, all of the other elements. How we use and take care of the land has a profound and lasting impact on the quality of life for ourselves and future generations.
The environmental problems facing a community, in particular, the water availability and quality problems, can be solved. It will be a challenge. A critical component of the solution includes an informed and active citizenry.
Citizens can learn about the environmental issues facing their community by contacting Ecology for more in-depth information.
City and county planning departments can be contacted for information about local growth management planning.
This is the introduction to the 1997 Washington Environmental Health report prepared by the Washington Department of Ecology. We will print the rest of it in future issues.
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by Margaret Rader, Chehalis River Council
As I write these words, rain is falling on our pastures and on the Douglas fir, the Indian plum, the oaks and maples. Maybe rain will be falling when you read this. For me, Earth Day is an opportunity to celebrate the cycle of life that binds us to the place where we live. I urge everyone to celebrate Earth Day by getting out and walking around your place. Nature is everywhere, even inside us, but for us to be good stewards we need to cultivate awareness
Rain here is so ordinary that we need to work to be aware of it. Rain is not just something that spoils the picnic. It's not just what keeps everything green. Rain shapes the place where we live. One way to think about our place is to find our watershed. A watershed is a system including a river and the streams flowing into it; a watershed is also the land through which the water flows. You will find where your watershed ends and another begins by finding the highest ridge line. On your side of the ridge, all the water eventually flows into a central river. For many of us, this central river is the Chehalis. For others, the central river is the Cowlitz or the Nisqually
These are separate watersheds, and one can notice that the Cowlitz flows into the great Columbia River, so it is a sub-watershed of the Columbia watershed.
In the Chehalis watershed or basin, all the creeks and streams flow into other creeks and streams that eventually flow into the Chehalis River, which flows into Grays Harbor and joins the ocean. Rain falls, and some runs off into the creeks or streams. But rain also soaks (the technical term is "infiltrates") into the ground. Up till recently, I confess that my mental picture of this showed this water going "straight down" and then spreading out in a sort of circle. Not so! Water that soaks into the groundwater table moves toward the central river. Hydrologists map the direction of groundwater movement. The aquifers that hold the groundwater on which our drinking water wells depend are not static pools or lakes, they are water in movement through layers of sand, gravel, or porous stone. Your watershed is the place where all the rain that falls moves toward a central corridor to the sea
What will happen to the rain that just stopped falling? Some will run off the surface into the ditches, creeks, and streams downward to the Chehalis River and Grays Harbor. Some will evaporate from the surface. Some will soak into the ground, to join the groundwater table as it moves toward the river bed
Some will be taken up and used by plants (either through the roots or the leaves) with a portion released into the air again through the leaves (called "transpiration"). Some will sink further and move along in the aquifer. Some will be used for irrigation, to fall as artificial rain and play its part again in the cycle. Some will be consumed by animals, who return a portion to the ground. Some will be used for human consumption, and humans too will contribute their share back into the cycle through septic tanks and sewage systems. There is no life without water, and there is no water without the water cycle
The cycle has no ending, for some of the rain that fell high in the hills of the watershed will make it into the great ocean, where weather patterns of heating and cooling turn evaporated water into clouds. These sweep in from the ocean to return water to the earth as rain.
When we understand this cycle, we understand how human activity affects it
Because water is liquid, it picks up many kinds of impurities. And because water flows, it moves these impurities. And because water flows toward a central low corridor to the sea, it concentrates these impurities. When soil erodes into runoff, the water is filled with sediment, it's "dirty." All kinds of pollutants that sink into the ground can move along with water through the watershed. This includes bacteria such as fecal coliform from human and animal waste and chemicals such as those found in pesticides and industrial wastes. Motor oil spilled on a gravel driveway doesn't just stay in one place. It can reach your salmon-bearing creek as runoff or it can reach the same creek after soaking in and moving through the groundwater table. Dairy manure can soak through pasture land into the water table and move slowly but surely through the aquifer, perhaps toward your well. Water is purified to some extent by moving through streams or the ground, but there is a limit to how much pollutants can enter the system without ruining habitat for fish or human beings.
Let's celebrate Earth Day by getting out and watching water on the move through our earth. When we imagine our place in the water cycle, we can imagine how to protect the purity of our water for the sake of fish and humans
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We have money ($217,000 in 1998) to fund projects designed to help rebuild fish runs in the Chehalis River basin. Our focus is on restoring and protecting habitat for salmon. We also fund public education projects, including Drops of Water. The purpose of this article is to let you know how the CFRP works, and how you can participate.
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The CFRP operates on overlapping yearly cycles. We are in the middle of our 1998 project cycle, and are ready to start working on 1999. The following is a calendar of CFRP activities for the 1999 cycle.
April '98 - February '99 Our staff works with landowners, citizen groups, agencies, tribes and other interested parties to help identify and develop potential projects for 1999 funding.
December '99 Our official "request for proposals" is distributed to the public in mid-December.
February '99 Proposals for new projects are due to us in mid-February.
February - March '99 Our staff works with project proposers to finalize details and answer specific questions about the new proposals.
March '99 Our Technical Review Team, made up of specialists from a variety of fields, meets with proposers in late-March to score and rank proposals. April '99 Our Steering Committee meets in mid-April to provide feedback on the rated proposals, and to discuss new developments in the CFRP. We make our final funding decisions after this meeting.
April - May '99 Our staff develops cooperative agreements, and works to ensure that projects comply with various federal and state environmental laws.
May - October '99 Successful proposers (cooperators) finalize work plans, secure permits and carry out projects. Most projects are completed by the end of the summer work season. Some projects, especially tree planting and education projects, continue through the winter. Some projects are delayed for one reason or another, and others are multi-year projects. Our cooperative agreements allow for a five year period during which funds will remain available for project completion.
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CFRP-funded projects need to be sponsored by an organization such as a non-profit group, an agency, tribe, school, conservation district, or private business. We encourage private landowners to contact us directly with project ideas, and we will help identify an appropriate sponsor for the project.
The following is an excerpt from our latest request for proposals. It describes the types of projects we fund most often, and what specific elements we look for.
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Livestock exclusion fencing should create a minimum average buffer width of 25 feet, on each side of the stream (if applicable), as measured from the normal bankfull discharge level. Fences should approach no closer than 10 feet at any one point. Exceptions may be made, depending on specific site conditions. Hardened stream crossings, limited access watering points and off- channel watering devices are eligible cost components for fencing projects.
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Revegetation efforts must include follow-up maintenance and replanting for 2-3 years after the original planting. Landowner maintenance commitment is preferred. All plants must be native species that are, or were historically, present in the area.
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We will consider funding for artificially created ponds, but prefer that existing off-channel areas be reconnected or protected. For artificially created ponds, you must demonstrate that off- channel rearing is a limiting factor, and that potential natural rearing areas are unavailable. Off- channel high-water refuge alcoves, especially those associated with channelized streams, will be considered for funding. Again, you must demonstrate that existing habitat is not available. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New (Including woody debris, boulders, and log and rock weirs) Instream habitat structures have the potential to significantly enhance fish habitat, but they also have a high potential for failure. For this reason we will demand a high level of justification, planning and monitoring for instream projects. We prefer the use of whole tree structures (rootwad and crown). We encourage the use of large "key-piece" wood, unanchored if practical. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New (Including forest road obliteration, restoring natural runoff patterns, revegetation, and slope stabilization) Local streambank instability and sedimentation are often symptoms of up-slope sediment source problems. We would like to see more up-slope projects proposed rather than projects that seek to stabilize streambanks. Projects supported by Watershed Analysis are encouraged. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New See the above comments under "Up-slope sediment control." We will consider projects using "bioengineering" techniques on smaller streams that seek to return banks to a more natural rate of erosion. You must demonstrate the habitat value of the project, and show that the problem is mainly due to local conditions. We are not likely to fund projects that seek to stabilize eroding banks on larger streams and rivers. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Projects that seek to re-establish fish passage to streams and off-channel habitat are encouraged. You must demonstrate that there is indeed a barrier to fish migration, and indicate which species and life stages are blocked. You must also include an assessment of the quantity and quality of habitat available above the barrier. We will generally not fund alteration or removal of log jams. We will not fund fish passage around natural barriers. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New (Including scientific studies, barrier/culvert analysis, and monitoring projects) Chapter 7 of Chehalis River Basin Fishery Resources: Status, Trends, and Restoration Goals details our information goals. Please contact our office for a copy. Habitat surveys, such as culvert analysis, that are designed to facilitate future restoration projects will receive consideration. Stream typing projects will be considered contingent upon a final resolution of new stream typing protocols. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New We currently fund a basin-wide watershed-topic newsletter. (Drops of Water!) We will consider education projects for students, landowners, and the general public. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New If you would like to become involved, please call the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's CFRP coordinator. (Mike Kelly at 360-753-9560, or mike_kelly@fws.gov) Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New The Chehalis River Council gets a number of inquiries from people wanting to volunteer. Here is some information you might be interested in. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New The Statewide Network of Volunteer Monitors Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New To help citizens of all ages work together within their watersheds to provide a local source of information on environmental conditions To support volunteer monitors in learning how to collect reliable, consistent environmental information We currently know that over 11,000 people in Washington state voluntarily monitor various aspects of their environment. They want to do more. They want to do it better. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New In 1992, the Washington State Department of Ecology did a study to find out how the agency could be most effective in educating people about nonpoint source pollution. We heard about frustration on the part of citizens who monitor water quality. People want agencies to "use" their results. Although many volunteers are willing to upgrade their procedures to meet agency standards, agency scientists are often suspicious of the quality and consistency of volunteer-collected data. It was apparent that a tremendous force for environmental stewardship already existed in the form of citizens who actively and voluntarily monitor our natural resources. Concurrently, in other agencies, the opportunity to use volunteer-generated information grew. And there, too, scientists were skeptical of its validity, although they admit that there is no way that staff professionals can collect enough data to even give an accurate picture of environmental conditions. Natural resource agencies have a very real need for more environmental data. According to the 1996 Water Quality Assessment Report for Washington State, reliable water quality information exists for only 4% of all rivers and streams in the state, 36% of lakes and 6% of estuaries. Ecology's new Watershed Approach relies heavily on local information to identify problems in the watershed. Is there a way, we wondered, to serve both needs - the agencies' for more information of known quality, and the volunteers' for recognition and a purpose for their work? Clearly, the environment would benefit from this collaboration, since people's personal investigation of their environment should lead to a desire to protect it. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New The Department of Natural Resources has operated "Students in the Watershed" for three years -- students from the North Mason School District measure the effects of restoration efforts on streams in the Tahuya State Forest that have been silted in by heavy recreational use. The Department of Fish & Wildlife (WDFW), in partnership with the University of Washington, has trained over 490 teachers in NatureMapping protocols for inventorying birds and vertebrates. NatureMapping enables volunteers to monitor natural resources in a given area. Ecology, the UW, WDFW, and specialists from other organizations have developed educational software for NatureMapping on the Internet. Ecology's citizen volunteer lake monitoring program is in its tenth year. Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team "P.I.E." contracts frequently support water monitoring. In early 1996, Ecology adopted a policy for different uses of freshwater data, according to the methods, purposes, and QA procedures used in the project. Data can be qualified on one of four levels, from the observational first level to the professional fourth level. For more information about this subject, please refer to matrix. Later that year, using Section 319 funds from EPA, the Governor's Council on Environmental Education mailed out a survey to try to find out who's monitoring what, where, and how credible their information might be, if they cared to share it. We tried to reach all the coordinators of active volunteer monitoring projects, be they teachers (GREEN or NatureMapping), local agencies (Stream Teams, Conservation Districts or Cooperative Extension offices), or grassroots efforts such as Chums of Barker Creek or Adopt-A-Stream's Stream-Keepers. We got an enthusiastic - and massive - response. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Initially, we received responses from 158 groups representing well over 11,000 volunteer monitors. Most of them monitor more than one natural resource. That's why the numbers in this bar chart total so many more than 11,000. For instance, a high school class might monitor water quality and wildlife. The largest segment monitor some form of water - surface or ground water, quality or quantity, lakes, streams and rivers, or estuaries. Next in frequency comes wildlife, then vegetation. A surprising number (6,258) measure water quality by counting and identifying benthic macroinvertebrates, the little water bugs that fish eat. "Other" represents monitors of many different things such as weather, land use, sediments, and even construction sites. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Over half the volunteers are students; the rest are members of neighborhood associations or the general public. The students are grouped as shown below. Many classrooms are affiliated with GREEN (Global Rivers Environmental Education Network), NatureMapping, or Adopt-A-Stream; many community groups were trained by Adopt-A-Stream. The average number of years these groups have been in operation is 4.9. More than two-thirds of the groups use e-mail. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Our survey responses indicate that 5,456 monitors collect data at Level Two on the matrix; 2,317 at Level One, and 1,894 operate on Level 3. Although we had a few responses from professional-quality Level Four monitors, these people do not normally work with volunteers. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New We asked how interested they'd be in participating in the new WOW network on a scale of 1-5, with five being eager. Almost 3/4, or 73%, said they are very interested. These volunteers want to improve their methods so their data will be more useful, and they want to do more than they do now. Almost all of the coordinators would like their groups to receive training, and at least half would like to monitor additional resources or parameters. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Sixty-one percent said it was for education/awareness; 21 percent said it was to collect baseline data, and the rest checked various reasons - red flag/early warning, enforcement/ compliance, research, a specific project, or land use impact. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New "I definitely want to play a major role in WOW. When your survey came out that was the best news I had heard in a long time. I want to be trained and our students want to be also." David Tucker's Mt. Baker High School students already work at Level Three, monitoring nitrates, phosphates, coliform, turbidity and other water parameters using EPA-recommended procedures. "I discontinued monitoring... because... there was no network to feed data to...I would like to do it again...and am very glad you are beginning this network. I think having standard directions and protocols, helping people acquire equipment and sharing info will be great." Joan Beardsley's Bellingham High School class monitored water quality for three years. "We are interested immediately in common - standard - consistent vocabulary, protocols and QA/QC procedures. We are setting up our project and looking for protocols." Marycile Olexer, WSU Coop Extension, Clallam County. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New "Watch Over Washington" went online August, 1997, with a dynamic new website to support volunteer monitoring activities. It features a searchable roster of projects and coordinators; announcements of events, resources and opportunities; status reports on natural resources, and a "Frequently Asked Questions" section - with answers. Now that we have a better handle on volunteer monitors' numbers and needs, the members of the Governor's Council on Environmental Education feel an even greater responsibility to do right by them. We must look for ways to encourage consistent, high standards for volunteer monitoring. We must find a reliable source of funding to make training/ certification programs accessible, and to subsidize some of the equipment costs. We must facilitate networking and data sharing among WOW members. We must work together with local communities to support these efforts and We must find ways of sustaining the program, whether as a function of state agencies or through a federation of local groups, schools, and agencies. FOR MORE INFORMATION please contact Annie Phillips (360 407-6408) or Beverly Isenson (360 407-7317). You can access the "Watch Over Washington" internet site at: www.wa.ecy.wa.gov/wow Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Here are two activities some of you might want to participate it: Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Description: Public assistance in reporting zebra mussel sightings at new locations is essential to help prevent its spread to other lakes and rivers! The zebra mussel has not yet been found in Washington (it has been devastating in the Great Lakes), but the barnacle-like mollusk poses a multibillion-dollar threat to industrial and public drinking water supplies and may become a costly nuisance to shippers, boaters, commercial fishermen, anglers and beach-goers as well. Zebra mussels look like small clams with a yellowish or brownish "D"-shaped shell, usually with zebra-like stripes. They can be up to 2 inches long, but most are under an inch. They usually grow in clusters containing numerous individuals, and are generally found attached to objects such submerged rocks, dock pilings, boat hulls, and water intake pipes, in shallow, algae-rich, calcium-rich water. Note the date and precise location where the mussel or its shell was found; take it with you (several, if possible) and store it in rubbing alcohol (in any case, DON'T throw it back in the water) and immediately call the Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife at (360) 902-2821. or http://salmo.cqs.washington.edu:80/~wagap/nm/water/2habriv.html Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Description: The European green crab (carcinus maenas) is a voracious predator that devours other shellfish, even bigger crabs. Native to the Atlantic costs of Europe and northern Africa, it has been marching steadily up our Pacific coast with an alarming effect on the clam and oyster culture industries it encounters, as well as the Dungeness crab fishery. There is no known way to control, or even track its spread. If you think you've seen one, immediately notify Washington Fish & Wildlife. This crab is not actually green in many cases. The ventral carapace color is variable, dark, mottled, from green (recently molted) through orange to red (late inter-molt). Yellow patches occur on the dorsal carapace. Five spines are located on either side of the dorsal carapace. The last pair of hind walking legs is relatively flat. Maximum size to about 3" (80mm) carapace width, but typically 65 mm (~2.5"). Contact person: Scott SmithPhone number: (360) 902-2724E-mail: smithsss@dfw.wa.gov Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Take a few minutes and complete the following sentences. The answers are on the back page. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New Its time to start thinking about summer camp! The Natural Resources Youth Camp is a non-profit camp for teens between the ages of 13 and 16. The camp is held at the Cispus Learning Center in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Lewis County June 21-27th, 1998. The camp offers teens an opportunity for personal growth and hands on learning about our natural resources. Camp instructors are professionals in fields such as forestry, wildlife biology and fisheries. The camp also offers many exciting activities such as hiking, crafts, acting, fishing, outdoor recreation and photography. The cost of the non-profit camp is $300, however there are some scholarships available upon request. For an application please contact John Bergval at 360-902-1027. Back to top or back to home page or back to Whats New 1 A cliff just to the west of the rail line contains fossil beds valuable to students in Centralia College's Geology Department. . 2 Given Washington's projected population growth, that foundation is at risk. 3 The demand for surface and ground water to drink, irrigate farms, water lawns and protect fish far exceeds what is available. 4 The quality of water is degraded by pollutants such as fecal coliform bacteria, nitrates, pesticides and chemicals. 5 A watershed is defined as all of the land and ground water which drains into a river or body of water. In May, the prairies of the south sound come alive with native flowers, butterflies, and birds. 6 As the summer progresses through July into August, oxygen in the waters of the Chehalis River and its tributaries reaches its lowest levels as flows drop and temperatures peak. 7 In 1992, the Washington State Department of Ecology did a study to find out how the agency could be most effective in educating people about nonpoint source pollution. 8 Zebra mussels look like small clams with a yellowish or brownish "D"-shaped shell, usually with zebra-like stripes.
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Off-channel ponds/refugia
Instream habitat structures
Up-slope sediment control
Bank stabilization
Fish passage
Studies, habitat surveys, and evaluations
Public education and outreach
Other projects that we will consider for funding:
WATCH OVER WASHINGTON
WATCH OVER WASHINGTON
WE HAVE TWO GOALS:
HOW DID "WATCH OVER WASHINGTON" BEGIN?
WHAT HAVE STATE AGENCIES ALREADY DONE TO SUPPORT VOLUNTEER MONITORS?
WHAT ARE PEOPLE MONITORING?
AND WHO ARE THE VOLUNTEER MONITORS?
HOW CREDIBLE IS THEIR WORK?
HOW INTERESTED ARE VOLUNTEER MONITORS IN NETWORKING?
WHY DO THEY MONITOR?
WE RECEIVED SOME ENCOURAGING WRITE-IN COMMENTS.
SO? WHAT'S NEXT?
Volunteer Opportunities
Zebra Mussel Alert!
Green Crab Alert!
Youth Corner
Western Washington's Natural Resources Youth Camp
Youth Corner Answers
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