Temperature is a measure of how cool or how warm the water is, expressed in degrees Celsius (C). Temperature is a critical water quality parameter, since it directly influences the amount of dissolved oxygen that is available to aquatic organisms. Water temperature that exceeds 18 degrees Celsius (for Class A Waters) has a deleterious effect on several fish species in streams. Salmonids, for example, prefer waters of approximately 12 to 14 degrees Celsius

The water quality parameters that should be sampled include pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and fecal coliform bacteria. The water quantity parameter that should be sampled is the stream discharge, or streamflow. Each of these parameters should be sampled and tested directly in the field with the exception of turbidity and fecal coliform bacteria samples. While turbidity will be tested in the office, the fecal coliform bacteria samples should be taken directly to a certified laboratory for testing. The following sampling procedures should be followed by the trained volunteers conducting the water quality monitoring for each parameter:

State Water Quality Standard for pH is within the range of 6.5 to 8.5.

Equipment Needed: pH meter, electrode (probe), buffer solutions for calibrating the instrument, distilled water, thermometer, and data sheet.

At The Office:

• Prepare the pH meter and probe for use.
• Calibrate the pH meter using the manufacturer's instructions. Complete the calibration and check the standard for this instrument. Record the calibration reading.

In The Field:

• At each station, turn the meter on and place the probe into the water column.
• Obtain the pH reading for each station. Wait until the meter reading stabilizes before reading and recording the pH and the temperature.
• Record the pH on the data sheet.
• A second sample should be taken in the field each sampling day, and the results recorded on the data sheet for pH. Do this before rinsing the probe.
• Rinse the probe with distilled water.
• Turn the pH meter off. Be careful to handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the field. Recheck the standard again at the end of the day and record the reading. This should help determine the amount of "drift" from the first calibration taken in the morning.

State Water Quality Standard for Temperature shall not exceed 18 degree Celsius

Equipment Needed- pH meter used for obtaining temperature, or thermometer, and data sheet.

In The Field:

• After taking the pH reading from the pH meter, obtain the temperature reading at each station and record it on the data sheet.
• Place the thermometer or pH meter in the water column.
• After the reading stabilizes, record it on the data sheet.
• A second sample should be taken in the field, and the results recorded for temperature on the data sheet.

State Water Quality Standard for D.O. shall exceed 8.0 mg/L

At The Office:

• Prepare the D.O. meter and probe for use.
• Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• Record the calibration.

In The Field:

• At each station, turn the meter on and place the probe into the water column and stir with the probe.
• Allow sufficient time for the probe to stabilize before sampling the dissolved oxygen.
• Record the reading.
• A second sample should be taken in the field each sampling day, with results recorded for DO on the data sheets.
• Check the calibration of the instrument after each use and record the results.
• Rinse the probe with distilled water.
• Turn off the instrument and handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the field.
• Recheck the standard of the instrument at the end of each sampling and record the reading.
• Recheck the standard at the end of the day and record the reading.
• A duplicate (replicate) sample should be taken in the field each sampling day and tested with results recorded for D.O. on data sheets. *Do this before rinsing the probe.

No State Standard for BOD 5-day.

At The Office:

• The Winkler Method Buret Titration should be used to determine the 5-day BOD reading. For a complete description of this technique, consult the "HACH Water Analysis Handbook" (See Appendix).

In The Field:

• Collect a water sample in a clean 300mL., glass-stoppered BOD bottle. Add one Manganous Sulfate Powder Pillow and one Alkaline Iodide-Azide Reagent Powder Pillow to the bottle of water collected.
• Insert the stopper immediately into the bottle so that no air is trapped in the bottle. Invert several times to mix.
• Wait for the precipitate (floc) to form in the solution and settle. Again invert the bottle several times and wait until the floc has settled.
• Remove the stopper and add one Sulfamic Acid Powder Pillow. Replace the stopper without trapping air bubbles, and invert to mix several times.
• Pour the prepared sample into a 250mL graduated cylinder to the 200mL mark.
• Pour the contents of the graduated cylinder into a 250mL erlenmeyer flask.
• Fill a 25mL buret to the zero mark with PAO Titrant, 0.025 N.
• Titrate the prepared sample with PAO Titrant to a pale yellow color, and record the number of mL used.
• Add two droppers full of Starch Indicator Solution and swirl to mix.
• Continue the titration until the solution changes color from dark blue to colorless, and record the number of mL used.
• Calculate the BOD. (Use total mL Titrant Used = mg/L Dissolved Oxygen).
• Place the sample bottle in a refrigerator and incubate 5 days at 20 degrees Celsius.
• After 5 days remove the sample and place the dissolved oxygen probe into the bottle and record the results.

No State Water Quality Standards for Conductivity

At The Office:

• Prepare the conductivity meter and probe for use.
• Calibrate the conductivity meter according to the manufacturer's instructions and record the reading.

In The Field:

• Turn the conductivity meter on and place the probe into the water column and stir with the probe.
• Wait until the meter stabilizes to obtain the reading for conductivity. The meter should be in the "Conductivity Mode".
• Record the conductivity reading on the data sheet.
• Place the conductivity meter in the "TDS Mode" and obtain the "Total Dissolved Solids" reading while stirring with the probe.
• Record the TDS reading on the data sheet.
• A second sample should be taken in the field each sampling day and the results recorded for conductivity on the data sheets. Do this before rinsing the probe.
• Rinse the probe with distilled water.
• Recheck the standard of the instrument after each sampling, and record the reading. Also recheck the standard at the end of the day and record the reading.
• Turn off the conductivity meter and be careful when handling the meter and probe so as not to damage it while in the field.

No State Water Quality Standard for TDS

Equipment Needed: Conductivity meter, distilled water, and data sheet.

At The Office:

• Perform all necessary calibrations for the conductivity meter since it will be used to obtain the total dissolved solids parameter.

In The Field:

• After the conductivity parameter has been measured and recorded, turn the conductivity meter to the "TDS Mode".
• Take the reading for TDS while stirring with the probe in the water column, and record the reading on the data sheet
• A second sample should be taken in the field each sampling day and the results recorded for TDS on the data sheet. Do this before rinsing the probe.
• Rinse the probe with distilled water.
• Follow the instructions for rechecking the conductivity meter standards after each sampling, and at the end of the day.

State Water Quality Standard For Turbidity is 5 NTU's

In The Field:

• Use a clean, empty water quality bottle to collect the water sample. (Bottles can be pre-labeled with each station number to use in the field at each site.)
• Unscrew the cap. Be sure not to touch the inside of the bottle, nor the inside of the cap. It should remain as sterile as is possible.
• With the cap off the bottle, turn the bottle upside down and place the open end into the column of water. With the bottle upside down in the water column, turn the bottle to face upstream. Let the bottle fill with stream water.
• Bring the bottle back out of the water column and secure the cap.
• Mark the bottle (if it hasn't been pre-marked) with the station number that is being sampled. Keep this bottle as cool as is possible, and place it into an ice cooler when you reach your vehicle.
• Be sure to take a second sample each sampling day and test the sample in the office (or at the lab).
• Bring the sample back the office.
• While preparing the turbidity meter for use, let the turbidity sample bottles adjust to room temperature.

At The Office:

• NOTE: The following steps should be completed after returning from the field with the water sample.
• Prepare the turbidity meter for use.
• Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions and record the reading. Also, be sure to check the batteries for charge.
• Ensure that the water quality sample is well mixed by turning the sample bottle upside down 2-3 times. (Don't shake it!)
• Rinse a sterile and empty turbidity tube with some of the sampled water.
• Fill the turbidity tube to the neck with some of the sampled water.
• Cap the tube with a marked cap. (A single slash mark can be made on the top of the cap and then this mark is continually referenced in the same position as the tube is placed back into the turbidity meter each time).
• Wipe the tube with a lint-free tissue. Make sure there are no fingerprints, or other soil or oil particles on the tube. Place the clean tube into the chamber of the turbidity meter. Align the cap (with the slash mark) with the mark on the chamber.
• Select appropriate range on the selection knob.
• As soon as the reading stabilizes, record the reading as NTU on the data sheet.
• Remove the tube from the chamber. Empty and rinse the tube(s) with distilled water, dry tube(s), and store tubes in kit.
• Recheck the calibration of the turbidity meter when finished with all water quality samples, and record the reading.
• Test the duplicate (replicate) sample and record the results onto data sheet. Do this test after your last sample.

State Water Quality Standard For Fecal Coliform Bacteria is 100 organisms per 100mL.

At The Office:

• Pre-label the sterile bottles with each station number that will be used to collect the fecal coliform bacteria samples.
• Fill out a form per each bottle and rubber band the form to the bottle before you bring the samples to the lab to be tested.

In The Field
:

• Take the pre-labeled, sterile, fecal coliform collection bottle and wade into the stream. Take a sample in the middle of the stream.
• Carefully unscrew the cap from the bottle. Be sure not to touch the inside of the cap, nor the inside of the bottle at any time during the collection of the water sample.
• Turn the bottle upside down, with open end towards the water column.
• Submerge the bottle into the water column. Avoid collecting any water from the water surface.
• While bottle is submerged face it upstream in the water column.
• Once enough water has entered the bottle, shake a small portion out of the bottle so the water level is just below the neck of the bottle. This allows for some air exchange in the bottle.
• Carefully screw on the cap.
• Place the bottle into the ice cooler as soon as possible. (Samples should reach the lab. within 24 to 30 hours from the time the first sample is taken). At the end of the monitoring day, take all the fecal coliform samples to the lab. for processing and testing.
• Obtain more sterile bottles from the lab.
• If there is any reason to suspect that any bottle is unsterile, use a new bottle to obtain the sample.
• Be sure to take a duplicate sample once per month and have the lab test the sample. Be sure to label the bottle with a different number than those for each station. (For example, ST-12/A. This denotes the station number, and that "A" represents the duplicate you've taken). Record that a duplicate sample was taken on data sheets, and record results from lab results.

No State Standard for Discharge

Equipment Needed- Flow meter, measuring tape, clipboard, and data sheet.

In the Field:

• At each station, a flow measurement should be obtained.
• Follow the manufacturer's instructions and calibrate the flow meter.
• Determine where to take the flow measurement in the stream. Do not take the measurement in a pool. Take the measurement in a riffle or the tail out of a pool. The cross section of stream should be fairly uniform in depths across the section you will measure. There should be no major obstructions upstream or downstream of where the measurement is taken. Remove any movable obstructions from the stream such as debris, leaves, large rocks, sticks, etc. that would disrupt the flow or divert the flow of the stream. There should be enough water to submerge the flow meter as well. (If there is no available water at the station, for example, the water has gone subsurface, record this observation on the data sheets.)
• Spread the measuring tape out from left stream bank to right stream bank. The tape should be secured above the surface of the water on each bank and pulled taught. The tape should be within the wetted perimeter of the stream.
• Record the entire width distance from left to right bank on the data sheet. Leave the tape in place.
• Prepare the flow meter for use.
• Depending on the width of the stream, determine the increments across the width of the stream to obtain an accurate flow measurement. (Approximately 10 to 20 measurements may be necessary for accurate recordings of flows.) Increments should be equal distances apart. At each increment, record the tape value, or distance (width), depth, and velocity. To begin, read the measuring tape out to where the water starts from the bank and record the distance. If there is no water at this distance record "no flow" on data sheet. Take the first flow measurement at the edge of the bank where the bank meets the water, and record the flow data. (This will be your second width distance recording, but probably your first depth, and velocity measurement.) Record all flow measurements on data sheet.
• Proceed across the width of the stream recording the distance, depth, and velocity (as above) until you reach the other bank.
• When all flow data has been collected, reel up the measuring tape, secure all equipment, and travel to next station.
• The actual discharge factor will be derived at the office with the use of a calculator and discharge formula.

The following table provides a listing of the water quality and water quantity parameters, the methods used to obtain the individual samples, and the reference of approvals by the specific entity.

* 1992 Version of APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th Edition.

The following table represents the water quality parameters and the frequencies of calibrating the instruments, the check standards, field duplicates, and the measure of precision necessary to maintain and follow the quality control protocols for this water quality monitoring project plan.

* For D.O. the calibration should be checked at least twice daily (air calibration check), and results recorded. ** RPD, the Relative Percent Difference = difference x 100% mean

The following table provides the sampling frequency and the quality controls for the water quality and quantity parameters that should be sampled by the trained volunteers.

• (*) - The date for sampling each station will be determined by the project leader and volunteer crew.
• (**) - Turbidity may be tested at the certified lab. if preferred by the project leader.
• (***) - Volunteer's field techniques for collecting water quality parameters should be checked once per month by QA/QC Leader.
• (****) - Volunteer's lab., or calibration techniques, and data entries should be checked once per month by QA/QC Leader.

There are ways to ensure the precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness and comparability of the data that will be collected by the trained volunteers.

Precision is a measure of how reproducible the data collected is between samples. It determines the consistency of repeated samples that are tested. Precision measurements are obtained by the volunteers taking duplicate samples each sampling day for each parameter recorded. The samples shall be taken at the same time and the same place to ensure the precision of the measurement. The relative percent difference will show how precise the data is for the parameters sampled. The laboratory will use its own methods to account for precision.

This is a measure of confidence that the data collected in the field and in the laboratory reflect the true value of a given parameter. Each instrument used to obtain the water quality parameters will have various ranges of expected values. (For example, when calibrating the pH meter, a known pH buffer solution of 7.0 will be sampled using the pH probe. If the value of the pH measured shows a reading of 8.1, the difference between the average pH value is off, or biased, by 1.1 unit.). The laboratory will determine its level of accuracy for the fecal coliform bacteria samples, and the turbidity samples. Accuracy, therefore, is simply a quantification of the difference between the measured value and the true value.

Representativeness is a measure of the extent to which the measurements obtained (water quality parameters) actually depict the true environmental condition being evaluated. For example, a sample taken near a manure spill will not be indicative of the entire stream. Samples must be taken at approximately the same location in the stream each sampling day.

The completeness of data quality controls relies on how many samples need to be taken to be able to use the information that is collected. (For example, should the volunteers take the required parameters at each of the fifteen stations plus a duplicate sample at each station the completeness factor will have been met. However, should only 10 stations be sampled out of 15, then the percent completeness would be approximately 67%.) Percent completeness is the number of planned measurements judged valid divided by the total number of measurements taken multiplied by 100.

The data gathered by the trained volunteers should be done over the period of one year. Both winter and summer sampling conditions should be monitored. However, there is no way the data may be compared to another study since this is the first pilot project sponsored by this organization. Comparability can only be measured by data gathered on the same stream or on a similar stream with similar conditions. If the data is gathered over a period of two years, the data may be compared on an annual basis.

The data sheets provided in the appendices should be used by the volunteers to record all data regarding the water quality and quantity parameters. The data sheets should be copied onto waterproof paper, kept on a metal clipboard and utilized at each station to record the sampling results. Back at the office, calibrations should be performed on each instrument and recorded on the data sheets. The data should be entered into a computer database for later analysis. All original data sheets should be kept in a permanent binder.

A spreadsheet should be used to compile the data in the computer. The data should be analyzed by the project leader, and/or other individuals. Any water quality and quantity problems indicated by the data should be reported to local citizens, land owners, tribes, and state and federal agencies immediately. The results of the data should be compiled in an annual report.

The equipment needed to monitor water quality for the subject waterbody according to this plan is listed in below. The equipment was chosen to meet the quality assurances and quality control protocols for this technical plan. Below is a listing of the estimated cost of equipment.

EQUIPMENT COST

Equipment Maintenance

All equipment that will be used in the field to obtain water quality and quantity measurements must be maintained. At the beginning and end of each sampling day, equipment shall be inspected for damage, or faulty parts, and any problems reported to the project leader. The project leader should be responsible for all equipment, its repair status, and the ordering of parts. An equipment inventory should be maintained. The following is a sample equipment maintenance worksheet.

Desirable Staff Gages On the subject waterbody and Tributaries

It would be desirable to install stream staff gages at various key locations on the subject waterbody and its tributaries to help monitor annual stream flow. The following locations would be ideal in terms of placing the stream gages:

• Identify where gages would be necessary

If it is decided that these gages are to be used, they would need to be installed before the actual monitoring of all flow measurements are taken. Gages approximately 6-8 feet tall would need to be acquired. Each gage should be mounted onto a piece of channel iron and installed in the various locations listed above.

WORKS CITED AND WATER MONITORING REFERENCES

Berg, Sammy, Mead, Robert, and Fiorilli, Bill. 1995. Black River Water Quality Investigation, 1992-1993, Final Report, September 5, 1995. Thurston County Environmental Health Division.

Bordin, Carol. 1993. Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan with Water Quality Monitoring Plan for the Dillenbaugh Creek Model Watershed Project. Lewis Conservation District, December 1993.

Bordner, Robert H. Reliable Data Begin With Well-Planned Sampling Procedures. Workshop presentation outline, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Biological Methods Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory.

Canter, Larry W. 1985. River Water Quality Monitoring. Lewis Publishers, Inc.

Carmen, R E., Cedarholm, C J., and Salo, E. O. 1984. A Baseline Inventory of Juvenile Salmonid Populations and Habitats In Streams In Capitol Forest, Washington, 1981-1982. Progress Report For Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Publication No. FRI-UW-8416.

Chehalis River Council. 1996. The Chehalis River Basin poster map, first edition.

Chehalis River Council, Lewis Conservation District, Washington State Department of Ecology. 1992. Chehalis River Basin Action Plan for the Identification and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Final Action Plan.

Chehalis River Council, Lewis Conservation District, Washington State Department of Ecology. 1992. Chehalis River Basin Action Plan, Technical Supplement.

Conto, Adam, et al. 1996. Naturemapping for Fish and Streams: A Citizen's Guide to Stream Monitoring. Ecosystems Education, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, March 1996.

Cooperrider, Allen Y., Boyd, Raymond J., and Stuart, Hanson R. 1986. Inventory and Monitoring of Wildlife Habitat. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Service Center, Denver, CO.

Coots, Randy, et al. 1995. Guidance for Conducting Water Quality Assessments and Watershed Characterizations Under the Nonpoint Rule (Chapter 400-12 WAC). Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication No. 95-307.

Coots, Randy. 1994. Black River Wet Season Nonpoint Source Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, Watershed Assessments Section, Olympia, WA , Publication No-94-104, June 1994.

Creveling, Jennifer., et al. 1980. Chehalis Habitat Inventory: Inventory of Vegetative Communities and Associated Wildlife of Black River Drainage. Washington State Department of Game, Olympia, WA.

Cusimano, Robert F. 1994. Technical Guidance For Assessing the Quality of Aquatic Environments. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Watershed Assessments Section, Publication No. 91-78.

Cusimano, Robert F. 1991. TMDL For Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in the Chehalis River Basin (Black River), Quality Assurance Plan. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Invesitgations and Laboratory Services, Watershed Assessment Section. .

Dickes, Betsy. 1992. Chehalis River Water Quality Screening, January to March 1991. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Watershed Assessments Section, July 1992 Report.

Ehinger, William James. 1995. Freshwater Ambient Water Quality Monitoring: Final Quality Assurance Project Plan. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigation and Laboratory Services, Ambient Monitoring Section.

Ellett, Kathleen, and Mayio, Alice. 1990. Volunteer Water Monitoring: A Guide For State Managers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, Publication No. EPA 440/4-90- 010.

Farthing, Patty., Hastie, Bill., Weston, Shann., and Wolf, Don. 1992. The Stream Scene: Watersheds, Wildlife, and People. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon.

Felt, Margaret Elley. 1975. Capitol Forest: The Forest That Came Back. Washington State Department of Natural Resources.

Groot C., and Margolis, L. 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. University of British Columbia Press.

Hach. 1989. Water Analysis Handbook. Hach Company.

Hayslip, Gretchen A., ed. 1993. In-Stream Biological Monitoring Handbook (for Wadable Streams in the Pacific Northwest). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Environmental Services Division, Publication No. EPA 910/9-92-013.

Hunt, Margo, Mayio, Alice., Brossman, Martin, and Markowitz, Abby. The Volunteer Monitor's Guide to Quality Assurance Project Plans. 1996. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds 4503F, Publication No. EPA 84-B-96-003.

Jennings, Kahle. 1996. Watershed Approach To Water Quality Management: Water Quality Needs Assessment For The Western Olympic Water Quality Management Area (Chehalis River Watershed and West Slope of the Olympic Peninsula, WRIA's 20, 21, 22, 23). Washington State Department of Ecology, Water Quality Program.

Kendra, Will. 1990. Technical Methods For Assessing The Quality Of Aquatic Environments In Washington State: A Handbook Of The Surface Water Investigations Section. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Invesitgations and Laboratory Services, Surface Water Investigations Section.

Lombard, Stewart. 1994. Model Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Collection and Receiving of Water Quality Data. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Quality Assurance Section.

Maidment, David R. 1993. Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, Inc.

McDonald, Lee H., et al. 1991. Monitoring Guidelines for Evaluating Effects of Forestry Activities On Streams in The Pacific Northwest and Alaska. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Center For Streamside Studies, Publication No. EPA/910/9-91-001, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Michaud, Joy P. and Noel, Sandra. 1991. A Citizen's Guide to Understanding and Monitoring Lakes and Streams. Washington State Department of Ecology in cooperation with Puget Sound Water Quality Authority.

Mitchell, Mark K. and Stapp, William B. 1993. Field Manual for Water Quality Monitoring: An Environmental Education Program for Schools, 7th Edition. Thomson-Shore, Inc.

Naiman, Robert J. 1992. Watershed Management: Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York.

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Phinney, Lloyd, A. and Bucknell, Patrick. 1975. A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, Volume 2, Coastal Region. Washington Department of Fisheries.

Pickett, Paul J. 1994. Black River Dry Season Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Watershed Assessments Section, Publication No. 94-106.

Pickett, Paul J. 1992. Historical Data Sources and Water Quality Problems in the Chehalis River Basin, First Interim Report for the Chehalis River TMDL Study. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Watershed Assessments Section.

Plotkinoff, Robert W. andTooley, John E. Data Management Guidelines for Freshwater Investigations. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Surface Water Investigations Section (report undated).

Plotnikoff, R.W . 1994 Instream Biological Assessment Monitoring Protocols: Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Ambient Monitoring Section, Publication No. 94-113.

Ryan, James A. 1981. Capitol Forest Hydrology Project. Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Forest Land Management Division.

Sargeant, Debby. 1996. Chehalis Best Management Practices Evaluation Project Report on the Black River Project Area. Washington State Department of Ecology, Ecology Report No. 96-325.

Sargeant, Debby. 1996. Chehalis Best Management Practices Evaluation Project, 1995-96 Annual Report. Washington State Department of Ecology, Ecology Report No. 96-306.

Sargeant, Debby. 1996. Chehalis Best Management Practices Evaluation Project, 1995 Temperature Monitoring Data. Washington State Department of Ecology, Ecology Report No. 96-340.

Sargeant, Debby. 1995. Chehalis Best Management Practices Evaluation Project, 1994-1995 Annual Report. Washington State Department of Ecology, Ecology Report No. 95-315.

Thurston County Advance Planning and Historic Preservation. 1993. Thurston County Critical Areas Ordinance.

Tovrea, Barbara. 1996. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program 1995 Bibliography. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Invesitgations and Laboratory Services Program, Publication No. 96-319.

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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1990. Soil Survey of Thurston County, Washington.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewate, 18th edition. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Streamwalk Manual. U.S. EPA, Region 10, Seattle, Washington, Publication No. EPA 910-B- 94-002.

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Washington State Department of Ecology. 1996. Impaired and Threatened Waterbodies Requiring Additional Pollution Controls, Proposed 1996 Section 303(d) List. Publication No. WQ-R-95-83.

Washington State Department of Ecology. 1992. Statewide Water Quality Assessment Section 305 (B) Report. Water Quality Program, April 1992.

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Washington State Department of Ecology. 1989. Guidance for Conducting Water Quality Assessments. Environmental Invesitgations and Laboratory Services, Water Quality Program, Publication No. 89-28.

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Washington State Department of Ecology. 1987. Water Quality Laws and Regulations. Publication No. 87-2.

Washington State Department of Natural Resources. 1980. Chehalis River Plan. Division of Marine Land Management, January 1980.

Williams, R. Walter, Laramie, Richard M., and Ames, James J. 1975. A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, Volume 1, Puget Sound Region. Washington Department of Fisheries.

Yates, Steve. and Noel, Sandra. 1988. Adopting A Stream: A Northwest Handbook. Adopt A Stream Foundation.

Equipment Catalogs:

Ben Meadows Co., P.O. Box 80549, Atlanta, GA 30366-9821. #1-800-241-6401.

Cole-Parmer Instrument Co., 625 East Bunker Court, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-9872. #1-800-323-4340.

Forestry Suppliers, Inc., 205 W. Rankin Street, P.O.Box 8397, Jackson, MS 39284-8397. #1-800-647-5368.

ORION Catalog, The Schrafft Center, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA 02129. #1-800-225-1480.

VWR Scientific, P.O. Box 3551, Seattle, WA 98124, #1-800-932-5000.

Maps:

U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey,"Littlerock Quadrangle", 7.5 Minute Series, (Topographic), 1986, with minor revision, 1993.

Wash. State Department of Natural Resources, "Capitol State Forest Map", 1996 Edition.

Wash. State Department of Natural Resources, Baseline TownshipRange, Stream Typing Maps, Updates provided by Quinault Tribal Nation, Justin E. James, Fisheries Technician.

Meetings/Telephone Conversations:

Quinault Indian Nation, Justin E. James, Fisheries Technician, updates on stream types for Waddell Creek.

Wash. Department of Fish and Wildlife, Jay Hunter, Fisheries Biologist, steelhead trout field survey data information from Chehalis Confederated Tribal fisheries technicians, 1994-1996.

Water Quality Monitoring Data Sheet

A Pilot Project of the ____________________

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS DATA SHEET

Stream: _________________________________ Date:____________

Volunteers:____________________________________________________

Comments/Notes:

Total Discharge:

(The average discharge = total of all stations divided by number of stations).